研究者詳細 - 本塚　智

論文 - 本塚　智

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Mechanochemical Solid-State Immobilization of Photofunctional Dyes on Amorphous Silica Particles and Investigation of Their Interactive Mechanisms 査読有り国際誌

Kimura R., Chatani S., Inui M., Motozuka S., Yamada I., Tagaya M.

Nanomaterials 14 ( 9 ) 2024年05月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Amorphous silica particles (ASPs) have been reported to exhibit bioactive properties and are becoming the focus of attention as bioceramics. However, their interactions with proteins in living organisms remain to be understood and need to be investigated in order to achieve wider applications. Our research group found that chlorine (Cl)-containing ASPs are useful for protein immobilization. Photofunctional dyes (fluorescein (FS−), methylene blue (MB+)) that have the carboxy and amino groups as the main functional groups were immobilized on the Cl-containing ASPs via the mechanochemical method as the model molecule and their spectral properties were used to investigate and discuss the organic/inorganic interfacial bonding states. In FS−, the oxygen atoms of the carboxy groups in the molecule were immobilized by the hydrogen bonds with the silanol groups on the ASPs surfaces, indicating that there is an optimum Cl content for the immobilization as the monomer state. In the case of MB+, as the Cl concentration in the ASPs increases, the immobilization via the electrostatic interactions between the Cl in the ASPs and the terminal dimethylamino group, and the hydrogen bonding between the N atoms of the MB+ hetero ring and the particle silanol group were enhanced. These results mainly suggest that the protein adsorption system occurs through the hydrogen bonding between the carboxy groups of the protein and the silanol groups on the particles and via electrostatic interactions between the amino groups of the protein and the dissociated silanol groups and the contained Cl at the particles. Thus, the spectral characterization using dyes as probes is expected to predict the protein interactions with the amorphous silica particles.

DOI： 10.3390/nano14090741

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Deformation type during the ball milling process: A comparative study of the microstructures formed by ball milling, uniaxial compression, and rolling 査読有り国際誌

Fujita S., Sato H., Motozuka S.

Powder Technology 426 2023年08月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The plastic deformation type of metal during ball-milling treatment has not yet been unveiled due to the difficulty in direct observation, and it is also difficult to clarify the deformation behavior even by numerical simulations. A comparative study of the effects of lubrication on the microstructure induced by ball-milling, compression, and rolling was con. Ducted to reveal the deformation type. The deformed flake particle showed a uniform microstructure for the ball-milling treatment with a lubricant. By contrast, the closer the particle surface, the finer the crystal grains were for the treatment without a lubricant. These microstructural features on the ball-milled iron particles were observed in rolled iron sheets, and the effects of the lubricant on the microstructure induced by compression were the opposite. Therefore, we conclude that the type of ball-milling-induced deformation is close to rolling, considering the similarity of the effect of the lubricant on the microstructures.

DOI： 10.1016/j.powtec.2023.118598

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Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of Vapor-Phase-Grown Carbon Nanofiber Reinforced 7075Al Composites 査読有り国際誌

Zhu M., Xu Z., Wu J., Motozuka S., Tian C., Gu J., Yu J.

Metals 14 ( 11 ) 2024年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

The present study prepared 7075Al composites reinforced with vapor-phase-grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNFs) using the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. Constitutive equations of the composites were calculated, and thermal processing maps were constructed by performing thermal compression tests on the VGCNF/7075Al composites at deformation temperatures ranging from 300 to 450 °C and strain rates from 0.01 to 1 s−1. This study analyzed the microstructural evolution of the VGCNF/7075Al composites during the thermomechanical processing. The experimental results demonstrated that dynamic recrystallization (DRX) primarily governed the softening mechanism of VGCNF/7075Al composites during thermomechanical processing. At high strain rates, a combination of dynamic recovery (DRV) and DRX contributed to the softening behavior. The incorporation of VGCNFs results in higher dislocation density and a larger orientation deviation within the 7075Al matrix during the thermomechanical deformation process, providing stored energy that facilitated DRX. The activation energy for deformation of VGCNF/7075Al composites was 175.98 kJ/mol. The constitutive equation of the flow stress showed that a hyperbolic sinusoidal form could effectively describe the relationship between flow stress, strain, strain rate, and temperature of VGCNF/7075Al composites. The optimal thermomechanical deformation parameters for VGCNF/7075Al composites were 400–450 °C and 0.01–0.1 s−1 when the strain ranged from 0.05 to 0.15. For strains between 0.25 and 0.35, the optimal thermomechanical parameters were 380–430 °C and 0.01–1 s−1.

DOI： 10.3390/met14111245

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The Effect of Bi Addition on the Electromigration Properties of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu Lead-Free Solder 査読有り

Zhang H., Xu Z., Wang Y., Tian C., Fan C., Motozuka S., Yu J.

Metals 14 ( 10 ) 2024年10月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

As electronic packaging technology advances towards miniaturization and integration, the issue of electromigration (EM) in lead-free solder joints has become a significant factor affecting solder joint reliability. In this study, a Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu (SAC305) alloy was used as the base, and different Bi content alloys, SAC305-xBi (x = 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 wt.%), were prepared for tensile strength, hardness, and wetting tests. Copper wire was used to prepare EM test samples, which were subjected to EM tests at a current density of approximately 0.6 × 104 A/cm2 for varying durations. The interface microstructure of the SAC305-xBi alloys after the EM test was observed using an optical microscope. The results showed that the 0.5 wt.% Bi alloy exhibited the highest ultimate tensile strength and microhardness, improving by 33.3% and 11.8% compared to SAC305, respectively, with similar fracture strain. This alloy also displayed enhanced wettability. EM tests revealed the formation of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at both the cathode and anode interfaces of the solder alloy. The addition of Bi inhibited the diffusion rate of Sn in Cu6Sn5, resulting in similar total IMC thickness at the anode interface across different Bi contents under the same test conditions. However, the total IMC thickness at the cathode interface decreased and stabilized with increasing EM time, with the SAC305-0.75Bi alloy demonstrating the best resistance to EM.

DOI： 10.3390/met14101149

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Control of Biological Surface States on Chlorine-Doped Amorphous Silica Particles and Their Effective Absorptive Ability for Antibody Protein 査読有り国際誌

Kimura R., Chatani S., Inui M., Motozuka S., Liu Z., Tagaya M.

Langmuir 2024年01月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Amorphous silica particles (ASPs) have low biotoxicity and are used in foodstuffs; however, the adsorption states of proteins on their surfaces have not yet been clarified. If the adsorption states can be clarified and controlled, then a wide range of biological and medical applications can be expected. The conventional amorphous silica particles have the problem of protein adsorption due to the strong interaction with their dense silanol groups and denaturation. In this study, the surfaces of amorphous silica particles with a lower silanol group density were modified with a small amount of chlorine during the synthesis process to form a specific surface layer by adsorbing water molecules and ions in the biological fluid, thereby controlling the protein adsorption state. Specifically, the hydration state on the surface of the amorphous silica particles containing trace amounts of chlorine was evaluated, and the surface layer (especially the hydration state) for the adsorption of antibody proteins while maintaining their steric structures was evaluated and discussed. The results showed that the inclusion of trace amounts of chlorine increased the silanol groups and Si-Cl bonds in the topmost surface layer of the particles, thereby inducing the adsorption of ions and water molecules in the biological fluid. Then, it was found that a novel surface layer was formed by the effective adsorption of Na and phosphate ions, which would change the proportion of the components in the hydration layer. In particular, the proportion of the free water component increased by 21% with the doping of chlorine. Antibody proteins were effectively adsorbed on the particles doped with trace amounts of chlorine, and their steric adsorption states were evaluated. It was found that the proteins were clearly adsorbed and maintained the steric state of their secondary structure. In the immunoreactivity tests using streptavidin and biotin, biotin bound to the chlorine-doped particles showed efficient reactivity. In conclusion, this study is the first to discover the surface layer of the amorphous silica particles to maintain the steric structures of adsorbed proteins, which is expected to be used as a carrier particle for antibody test kits and immunochromatography.

DOI： 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00114

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Crystallographic Textures of Al and Al-Mg Alloy Formed by Shot-Peening 査読有り

Hisashi Sato, Mami Mihara-Narita, Yoshimi Watanabe, Satoshi Motozuka

Materials Science Forum ( Trans Tech Publications Ltd. ) 1106 41 - 47 2023年12月

Magnetic Domain Observation of Milled Nanocrystalline Alloy Powder 査読有り国際誌

Takezawa M., Nagaki T., Motozuka S., Sasaki I., Ando Y., Narahara H., Mori N., Shikayama T., Mukai S., Maeda S., Sakima S., Ishii T.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 2023年01月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fe-based nanocrystalline alloys have high magnetic flux density and low loss. Therefore, in this study, the magnetic domain structure of the ball-milled magnetic powders of these nanocrystalline alloys was observed using a Kerr effect microscope. The effect of strain removal heat treatment on the magnetic properties of the powder was also investigated by observing and comparing the magnetic domain structure of the milled powder before and after heat treatment during the preparation process of the nanocrystalline-milled powder. Our findings showed that the strain removal heat treatment changed the size and shape of the magnetic domains to a simple structure. In addition, the domain wall motion was found to be sensitive to the magnetic field, resulting in soft magnetic properties.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2023.3283211

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Microstructure and Magnetic Characterization on Ball-milled Fe-based Nanocrystalline Alloy Sheet 査読有り国際誌

Nagata S., Horibe Y., Hiramoto S., Narahara H., Mori N., Sasaki I., Takezawa M., Ando Y., Shikayama T., Mukai S., Maeda S., Sakima S., Ishii T., Motozuka S.

2023 IEEE International Magnetic Conference - Short Papers, INTERMAG Short Papers 2023 - Proceedings 2023年01月

担当区分：最終著者,　責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）

To realize the effective utilization of the end material and its application to a soft magnetic composite, Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy sheets were ball-milled, and platelet particles were obtained, in this work. Instrumental analyses revealed that although a micro strain was introduced into the nanocrystalline α-Fe grains in the achieved alloy powder, almost no changes were found in the amorphous part filled among the grains. The ball-milling treatment greatly increased the coercive force of the pulverized nanocrystalline sheet. Although the coercive force of the alloy powder decreased after the heat treatment, the coercive force remained to be approximately 10 times higher than that of the heat-treated alloy sheet without the ball-milling treatment, even after the heat treatment. The magnetic process of the ball-milled and heat treated nanocrystalline alloy powder will be discussed in detail in the conference based on the obtained results and Lorentz transmission electron microscopy.

DOI： 10.1109/INTERMAGShortPapers58606.2023.10228768

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Effects of interfacial interactions between metal and process control agents during ball milling on the microstructure of the milled Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder 査読有り国際誌

Motozuka S., Sato H., Kuwata H., Bito M., Okazaki Y.

Heliyon 8 ( 8 ) 2022年08月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fe–Si–B–P–Cu nanocrystalline alloy were treated with ball-mill using a lubricant as a process control agent (PCA). The resulting alloy powder is a strong candidate material for soft magnetic composites. Two ball milling methods (continuous and interval) were employed to control the interactions between the PCA and the alloy surface, and their effect on the microstructure of the prepared alloy particles was investigated. The alloy sheet was broken into small pieces and deformed plastically into flake-shaped particles regardless of the ball milling method implemented. Friction-force microscopy of the alloy immersed in the PCA revealed that the friction coefficient of the alloy surface exposed to air for a certain period was higher than that of the unexposed alloy surface (immediately after polishing). During ball milling, the ratio of the newly generated surface to the oxidized surfaces of the alloy subjected to interval milling was smaller than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Therefore, the friction coefficient of the surface of the alloy subjected to interval milling was higher than that of the alloy subjected to continuous milling. Synchrotron radiation analysis revealed that the alloy subjected to interval milling exhibited enhanced surface friction, showing an obvious steepness and inflection in the diffraction intensity as a function of the tilt angle based on the Schulz reflection method. This indicates formation of crystallographic texture in α-Fe grains in an amorphous matrix. Hence, we demonstrated successfully that the ball milling process induced a crystallographic texture in the Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy due to plastic deformation due to the enhanced surface friction. The surface of the alloy was prepared based on the effect of the interfacial interactions between the alloy surface and the PCA.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10325

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Preparation and tribological properties of FeCoNiCrAl reinforced Al matrix composites 国際誌

Wang Kun, Zhu Mengying, Si Jinhui, Yu Jinku, Ke Yujiao, Gu Jianglong, Chang Yuquing, Motozuka Satoshi, Xu zhefeng

2022国際有色金属新材料大会 ( 中国有色金属学会 ) 2022年07月

Preparation and performance evaluation of carbon nanofiber reinforced 7075 aluminum matrix composites

Wu Junhua, Zhu Mengying, Si Jinhui, Yu Jinku, Ke Yujiao, Gu Jianglong, Chang Yuqing, Sasaki Gen, Motozuka Satoshi, Xu Zhefeng

2022国際有色金属新材料大会 ( 中国有色金属学会 ) 2022年07月

Study on thermal fatigue properties of high temperature lead-free solder Bi-XCu alloys 国際誌

Xiaomin Gao, Jinku Yu, Yan Wang, Luya Peng, Huihui Zhang, Bin Liu, Yuqing Chang, Satoshi Motozuka, Kazuhiro Matsugi, Zhefeng Xu

2022国際有色金属新材料大会 ( 中国有色金属学会 ) 2022年07月

Mechanical properties of high temperature lead-free solder Bi-xAg system alloys 国際誌

Yan Wang, Jinku Yu, Xiaomin Gao, Huihui Wang, Huihui Zhang, Bin Liu, Yuquing Chang, Satoshi Motozuka, Kazuhiro Matsugi, Zhefeng Xu

2022国際有色金属新材料大会 ( 中国有色金属学会 ) 2022年07月

Magnetic Comparison between Experimental Flake Powder and Spherical Powder for Inductor Cores at High Frequency 査読有り

Nguyen G.M.T., Fujisaki K., That L.T., Motozuka S.

IEEE Transactions on Magnetics 57 ( 2 ) 2021年02月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

This article is the first work to carefully investigate the characteristics of iron loss per weight and relative permeability between the flake and spherical powders with a sinusoidal excitation up to a high frequency of 3.5 MHz in experiments using three separate measurement systems. The composition of the considered powder samples contains 0.001 wt% C, 0.012 wt% Si, 0.09 wt% Mn, 0.0004 wt% P, 0.008 wt% S, and 0.06 wt% O. The flake particle has the preferred orientation that the easy axes are normal to the platelet face, and the water atomized iron powder was processed with ball milling with the lubrication. Key objectives of the utilization of the three independent measurement systems with different specialized equipment and probes are to cross-check and overcome unexpected measurement errors of the related devices in use for validating measured results thoroughly. Experimental results demonstrate the much better performances on the iron loss per weight and relative permeability of the flake powder than that of the spherical powder at high frequencies. Physics-based explanations for the measured results are also presented. Furthermore, two estimation functions based on a six-parameter Steinmetz equation for the measured iron loss of the powders are developed by using MATLAB.

DOI： 10.1109/TMAG.2020.3014282

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Fundamental study on the mechanical strength of soft magnetic composite prepared by ultra-high aspect ratio flake iron powder using ball-milling process 査読有り

Ohba K., Tanaka M., Motozuka S., Noda D., Shibahara M., Kawauchi T.

Powder Metallurgy 2021年01月

担当区分：責任著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Soft magnetic composites (SMCs) are consolidated ferromagnetic powders covered with polymers. Ultra-thin flat powder can effectively reduce eddy current loss of SMCs, even at the frequency at which next-generation semiconductor devices are driven. In this study, pure iron powders were processed with ball-milling to obtain the ultra-thin powder and prepare the SMC. The effect of aspect ratio of the powder on the mechanical strength of SMC was investigated. Although the maximum bending stress of SMC made of iron particles with an aspect ratio of 1140 reached 60% of the strength of sintered iron powder, the increase in the maximum bending stress with increasing aspect ratio slowed down when the aspect ratio exceeded 100. The reason for the slowdown was assumed to be a decrease in insulating film coverage on the particle at high aspect ratio ranges due to the stacking and welding of particles during the ball milling process.

DOI： 10.1080/00325899.2021.2013622

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Preparation of flake-shaped Fe-based nanocrystalline soft magnetic alloy particles subjected to plastic deformation 査読有り

Motozuka S., Sato H., Kuwata H., Bito M., Okazaki Y.

Philosophical Magazine Letters 2021年01月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy powder prepared by ball-milling is a potential candidate as a soft magnetic composite (SMC). Since the magnetic properties of particles having a random geometry arising from brittle fracture deteriorate by the presence of a demagnetising field, plastically deformed flake-shaped powders, exhibiting better magnetic properties on account of the suppression of any demagnetising field, are desirable. Microstructure such as grain size, lattice distortion and the distribution of dislocations, are affected by ball-milling treatment which changes the magnetic properties. In this study, Fe-based nanocrystalline alloy sheets are ball-milled with lubricant oil as a process control agent (PCA) and the microstructure of the particles investigated. The PCA effectively suppresses the brittle fracture of the alloy sheet during the ball-milling treatment and plastically deformed flake-shaped particles are then successfully obtained. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that there were few lattice defects in the α-Fe grain of the alloy, which indicated that almost only grain-boundary-mediated processes such as GB diffusion/sliding/migration and grain rotation dominate the deformation mechanism. However, Williamson–Hall analysis based on synchrotron radiation exhibits a slope indicating micro-strain in the α-Fe grains. It is found that the plastic deformation induced by the ball-milling treatment forms a microstructure having lattice distortion but containing few lattice defects. It is considered that a slight growth of the existing grains, which can be induced by thermal treatment, can achieve a strain- and dislocation-free microstructure, which is desirable for soft magnetic alloys.

DOI： 10.1080/09500839.2021.1953713

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Interfacial effect between graphite and iron substrate on basal plane orientation and lubricity of graphite 査読有り

Motozuka S., Sato H., Muramatsu Y., Morinaga M.

Tribology International 151 2020年11月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd The role of graphite/substrate interface in low-friction behavior of graphite was investigated. Iron and graphite powder mixtures were plastically deformed in either Ar–H2 or air atmospheres to obtain bare iron or iron oxide surface. Then, graphite particles adhered to and formed interfaces with surfaces. Friction force microscopy revealed that friction on particle surface milled in Ar–H2 atmosphere was obviously higher. X-ray absorption near-edge structure and transmission electron microscopy revealed that although the basal plane of graphite oriented along the oxidized surface, it did not occur along the bare iron surface, which explains the difference in lubricity on each surface.

DOI： 10.1016/j.triboint.2020.106455

Kyutacar

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Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of the Eu(III)-containing silica nanoparticles via a mechanochemical solid-state reaction between SiO<inf>2</inf> and EuCl<inf>3</inf>·6H<inf>2</inf>O 査読有り

Hashimoto T., Tagaya M., Kataoka T., Chatani S., Inui M., Higa Y., Motozuka S.

Advanced Powder Technology 31 ( 8 ) 3650 - 3656 2020年08月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

© 2020 The Society of Powder Technology Japan In this study, Eu3+-containing amorphous silica nanoparticles and Eu compounds were successfully synthesized via a mechanochemical solid-state reaction between silica nanoparticles and EuCl3·6H2O. This reaction was induced by a grinding process, and the states of Eu3+ in the silica/europium composites were investigated. The silica/europium composites exhibited orange–red color luminescence owing to the 5D0–7F0, 5D0–7F1, and 5D0–7F2 transitions, which indicated the presence of Eu3+ in the silica framework and the newly formed Eu compounds such as EuOCl and Eu(OH)2Cl. The mechanochemical reaction because of the grinding process effectively induced an interaction between the silica surface and europium chloride; subsequently, Eu(OH)2Cl was formed in the silica/europium composites. Additionally, the Eu(OH)2Cl in the silica/europium composite exhibited a higher thermal stability than that of simple Eu(OH)2Cl, indicating that the mechanochemical reaction mediated the formation of Eu(OH)2Cl and new chemical bonding between the newly formed Eu(OH)2Cl and the silica surface, providing improved thermal stability to Eu(OH)2Cl. Thus, we successfully prepared silica nanoparticles containing not only Eu(III) in the silica framework but also Eu compounds that exhibit unique chemical bonding during a mechanochemical reaction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apt.2020.07.013

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Synthesis of nanostructured silica/hydroxyapatite hybrid particles containing amphiphilic triblock copolymer for effectively controlling hydration layer structures with cytocompatibility 査読有り

Yamada S., Tagaya M., Yamada S., Motozuka S.

Journal of Materials Chemistry B 8 ( 7 ) 1524 - 1537 2020年02月

記述言語：英語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry. We synthesized nanostructured mesoporous silica (MS)/hydroxyapatite (HA) hybrid particles in the presence of amphiphilic poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO20PPO70PEO20) triblock copolymer (P123). The particles exhibited slit-shaped mesostructures and underwent hybridization reaction between the MS and HA phases containing P123. Furthermore, the aggregated form of the particles exhibited dispersion stability in water in the monodispersed state (average particle size: 145 nm and coefficient of variation: 4.3% in the case of the maximum added amount of P123). Then, the structures of the hydration layer and the adsorbed protein on the particles were investigated to understand the effect of the hydration layer structures on the protein secondary structures. The ratio of the bonding water (intermediate and nonfreezing water) to free water increased upon hybridization, and it decreased with increasing P123 concentration. Upon hybridization, the component ratio of the asymmetric O-H stretching vibration between free water molecules decreased, and that of the symmetric O-H stretching vibration of intermediate water molecules increased. With increasing P123 concentration, the asymmetric O-H stretching vibration between free water molecules increased and the symmetric O-H stretching vibration of intermediate water molecules decreased. It was found that the protein native state component ratios of α-helix and β-sheet increased with increasing symmetric O-H stretching vibration between intermediate water molecules, and they decreased with decreasing asymmetric O-H stretching vibration between free water molecules. Moreover, the cytotoxicity against osteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) was evaluated and the hybrid particles exhibited a high cell density, indicating their bioactivity. On the hybrid particles interacting with P123, the cells were three-dimensionally assembled and uniaxially grown with the culture. Therefore, this is the first successful report of the synthesis of nanostructured MS/HA hybrid particles interacting with P123, and the controlled hydration layer structures on the particle surfaces were found to contribute to the protein secondary structures, promoting cytocompatibility.

DOI： 10.1039/c9tb02534k

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潤滑粉砕による鉄粉の磁気特性の向上と粉体における潤滑面の創出におけるメカノケミカル反応の役割招待有り査読有り

本塚智

粉体工学会誌 ( 一般社団法人粉体工学会 ) 57 ( 4 ) 196 - 201 2020年01月

担当区分：筆頭著者記述言語：日本語掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）

<p>Milling iron particles with a lubricant such as graphite deforms them into a platelet shape, and in the process, the (001) plane is oriented parallel to the platelet face. The (001) plane contains the <001> axis, which has excellent magnetic properties, making the particles ideal candidates for use as magnetic cores in motors. The effect of the graphite lubricant on the iron particles, i.e., the lubricity, depends on the milling atmosphere. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations reveal that this dependency is due to the difference in the orientation of the basal plane of graphite, where mechanochemically formed iron oxide at the graphite/iron interface most likely plays an important role in the orientation of the basal plane.</p>

DOI： 10.4164/sptj.57.196

CiNii Article

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