Faculty Profiles - IKENAGA Takeshi

Papers - IKENAGA Takeshi

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On the FullMesh Path Selection of Multipath TCP Video Streaming Reviewed International journal

Yosuke Komatsu, Dirceu Cavendish, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the Seventeenth International Conference on Evolving Internet (INTERNET 2025) ( IARIA ) 21 - 26 2025.03

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Portugal Lisbon 2025.03.09 - 2025.03.13

Video streaming makes most of Internet traffic nowadays, with most video applications transported over Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Transmission Control Protocol (HTTP/TCP). Being the predominant transport protocol, TCP stack performance in transporting video streams plays an important role, especially with regard to MultiPath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP) and multiple client device interfaces currently available. One overlooked aspect of multipath transport is the management of all possible paths between sender and receiver endpoints. In this paper, we study the usage of all possible paths created by MPTCP vis a vis video streaming performance on wired networking environments. We show that a fullmesh path usage may result in degraded video streaming performance due to common bottlenecks between paths under a simple (default) path scheduler. We then propose a bottleneck aware path scheduler, and show its superior performance on various multipath scenarios. Our results cover both Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip (BBR) propagation time TCP variant, as well as CUBIC variant in transporting video streams over wired networks. We use network performance level, as well as video quality level metrics to characterize quality of video streaming over TCP variants.

Kyutacar

A Discussion on Periodic Communication Disruption in LEO Satellite Constellations Reviewed International journal

Motoyuki Ohmori, Kohichi Ogawa, Hiroki Kashiwazaki, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2025 1st International Conference on Consumer Technology (ICCT-Pacific 2025) ( IEEE ) 2025.03

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Japan Matsue, Shimane 2025.03.29 - 2025.03.31

There are few IP unreachable areas outside the Internet coverage by terrestrial or wired link. Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations may cover such IP unreachable areas. Starlink by SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corp.), which is a major LEO satellite constellation service, is reported to disrupt communication at the fixed timing due to handover periodically. It is, however, still unclear how periodic communication breakdowns occur and how they affect traditional transport protocols such as TCP and UDP. This paper confirms the periodic communication breakdowns of Starlink and evaluates how TCP and UDP are affected. We have confirmed that handover surely occurs at the fixed interval of 15 seconds and the fixed timing of 12, 27, 42, and 57 seconds for each minute due to handover. We then observed that handover times ranged from 139 ms to 384 ms, which is longer than previously reported. In addition, Starlink may buffer or retransmit packets somewhere in its network, and some packet losses may be avoided.

DOI： 10.1109/ICCT-Pacific63901.2025.11012871

Multi-Dementional Feature Engineering for Reliable Detection Method of Vehicles with Location Information Errors in Spatio-Temporal Data Retention System Reviewed International journal

Tatsuya Takabe, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga, Kazuya Tsukamoto

Proc. of the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE2025) ( IEEE ) 2025.01

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

USA Las Vegas, NV 2025.01.11 - 2025.01.14

The widespread adoption of IoT devices has led to increased sensor data. Among the data, we defined spatiotemporal data (STD) as data that depends on both time and space. We proposed a spatiotemporal data retention system (STD-RS) that uses vehicles to retain and utilize STD within a specific spatial area. However, in STD-RS, errors in vehicle location information can cause data to be transmitted outside the target area. Previously, we proposed a method to detect abnormal vehicles by learning the distance and received signal strength indication (RSSI) of the vehicle and then confirmed that the method can detect abnormal vehicles with an accuracy of approximately 80%. However, the previous method did not consider vehicles that cannot generate features for learning in this paper. Moreover, as the evaluation was conducted in a single (ideal) environment only, the validation of effectiveness in practical environments remains. In this study, we use the sufficiency rate of data necessary for feature generation as an evaluation metric and evaluate how the spatial and quantitative changes in the combination of features for learning impact the sufficiency rate and detection accuracy under practical environments. The simulation evaluation results revealed the factors that affected the sufficiency rate and demonstrated that using the long-term spatial variation of RSSI as a feature improves the detection accuracy in any environment.

DOI： 10.1109/ICCE63647.2025.10930042

P4-Based Buffer Management Method for Throughput Fairness Improvement with Different Congestion Control Contention Reviewed International journal

Koshi Ono, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2025 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics (ICCE2025) ( IEEE ) 2025.01

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

USA Las Vegas, NV 2025.01.11 - 2025.01.14

In TCP/IP, there are various types of congestion control algorithms, such as CUBIC and Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR). When flows using CUBIC and BBR share a bottleneck link, it has been reported that fairness decreases with the buffer size of the relay node on the bottleneck link. To improve fairness in these circumstances, we have previously proposed a method assigning each congestion control algorithm a separate buffer at the relay node using a programmable data plane. We have also proposed a packet scheduling method, Fair Queuing with Holding Time (FQ-HT), that allows relay nodes to send packets fairly from multiple buffers by setting an appropriate holding time. The appropriate holding time depends on the bandwidth of the bottleneck link and the buffer size of the relay node. However, if the holding time is not set appropriately, the fairness may not be improved or the total throughput may be reduced. In this paper, we propose Fair Queuing with Variable Holding Time (FQ-VHT), which automatically sets the appropriate holding time based on the difference in the number of send packets between the buffers. Emulation experiments showed that FQ-VHT can set an appropriate holding time based on network conditions.

DOI： 10.1109/ICCE63647.2025.10929998

Malicious Behavior Detection Method based on Feature Extraction of Malware DNS Traffic Data Reviewed International journal

Toshiki Koga, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Communications (ICETC 2024) ( IEICE ) 2024.11

Performance Improvement of Large Spatio-Temporal Data with Encoded Packets Reviewed International journal

Naoki Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Communications (ICETC 2024) ( IEICE ) 2024.11

Data Collection Method for MEC integrated with STD Retention System on Floating-CPS Platform Reviewed International journal

Meiya Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga, Myung Lee

Proc. of the 2024 International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Communications (ICETC 2024) ( IEICE ) 2024.11

Packet Scheduling Algorithm for Improving Fairness under Different Congestion Control Contention using P4 Reviewed International journal

Koshi Ono, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 International Conference on Emerging Technologies for Communications (ICETC 2024) ( IEICE ) 2024.11

Buffer Management Schemes using Programmable Data Planes for Improving TCP Throughput Fairness Reviewed International journal

Koshi Ono, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (2024) 2024.11

Experimental Evaluation for Improving Communication Performance in Mobile Terminals Using Private LoRa Reviewed International journal

Rikuto Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga, Goshi Sato, Kenichi Takizawa

Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (2024) 2024.11

Application Feasibility Study for STD Utilization on the F-CPS Platform Reviewed International journal

Meiya Tanaka, Naoki Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga, Shu Sekigawa

Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (2024) 2024.11

Packet Coding-based Transmission Packet Reduction Scheme for Large Spatio-Temporal Data Retention System Reviewed International journal

Naoki Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (2024) 2024.11

Analysis of Factors Contributing to Missed Detections of Vehicles with Location Information Errors in STD-RS Reviewed International journal

Tatsuya Takabe, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga, Kazuya Tsukamoto

Proc. of the 12th International Symposium on Applied Engineering and Sciences (2024) 2024.11

Terrestrial Mobile Testbed Enhancement employing the Reconfigurable Evaluation Environment for the Non-Terrestrial Networks toward B5G Systems Reviewed International journal

Fumihide Kojima, Renri Nakano, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 27th International Symposium on Wireless Personal Multimedia Communications (WPMC2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

India Greater Noida 2024.11.17 - 2024.11.20

This paper proposes an enhancement for the B5G mobile testbed environment that enables evaluations of the nonterrestrial networks (NTNs) -based systems. In the proposed evaluation environment, harmonizations with NTN and the terrestrial mobile systems are realized by using the reconfigurable testbed facilities that are constructed to evaluate the future possible advancement on the current L5G compliant mobile systems. The proposed NTN harmonized B5G mobile system provides an expanded C-Plane functions by exploiting the NTN’s inherent advantages of service continuity, ubiquity and scalability thereby further enhances the performances of the conventional terrestrial mobile systems. This paper also reports on the experimental results that are obtained on the NICT developed B5G/IoT testbed with high reliability and high elasticity. The experimental results confirm that the proposed NTN harmonized B5G mobile systems provide system performance of both throughput and RTT equivalent to the conventional terrestrial mobile systems without serious degradations owing to such assumed expanded C-Plane functions.

DOI： 10.1109/WPMC63271.2024.10863751

In-Orbit Performance of LoRa for Internet of Things Communication on MicroOrbiter-1 Satellite Reviewed International journal

Nova Maras Nurul Khamsah, Fahd Moumni, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga, Mengu Cho

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.11

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Indonesia Mataram 2024.11.28 - 2024.11.30

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with satellite communications has reformed global connectivity, especially in remote regions that lack terrestrial infrastructure. Recent advancements in optimizing LoRa parameters for satellite-based IoT communications have boosted research in this field. Building on this foundation, the MicroOrbiter-1 satellite developed by MicroOrbiter Inc. in collaboration with the Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech) enhances LoRa-based IoT capabilities in a 1U CubeSat platform. This paper presents the in-orbit performance evaluation of the MicroOrbiter-1 satellite’s LoRa-based communication system on the 920 MHz frequency band with three Ground Sensor Terminals (GST) located in Kyutech (Japan), Rancabungur (Indonesia) and Vermont (USA). Key performance metrics such as Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Spreading Factor, and transmission errors, were analyzed across these locations. The results demonstrated the range of -112 dBm to -127 dBm signal strength for successful communication at low spreading factors. Temporal analysis was conducted using the System Tool Kit to categorize the data received from each terminal. While facing the challenges of power limitation and the lack of an attitude control determination system, the findings in the in-orbit performance analysis of the MicroOrbiter-1 satellite provide valuable insights for optimizing LoRa communication for future satellite missions, especially for CubeSats.

DOI： 10.1109/COMNETSAT63286.2024.10862081

Fairness Improvement of Different TCP Congestion Control Algorithms Using P4 Programmable Data Plane Reviewed International journal

Koshi Ono, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Canada Victoria, BC 2024.08.21 - 2024.08.24

A wide variety of congestion control algorithms have been developed for the transport protocol of TCP/IP. A related study revealed that the communication performance becomes unfair depending on the buffer length of switches or routers in the end-to-end path when communication flows using CUBIC TCP and Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) compete with each other. Therefore, we propose the fairness improvement method between different types of congestion control in the programmable network by using P4 programming. The proposed method provides multiple queues to each congestion control in the switches or the routers for relaying. The proposed method then assigns incoming TCP flows to those queues for each congestion control algorithm. The congestion control algorithm is determined by P4, which implements a programmable data plane. Three types of packet scheduling are used to ensure fairness when sending packets. We evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method using the network emulator “mininet” and the communication performance when the queue length of the relaying switch.

DOI： 10.1109/PACRIM61180.2024.10690198

Performance Evaluation of Dynamic Transmission Parameter Control Method for Mobile Terminal with 920 MHz LoRa Communication Reviewed International journal

Rikuto Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga, Goshi Sato, Kenichi Takizawa

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Canada Victoria, BC 2024.08.21 - 2024.08.24

Low Power Wide Area (LPWA) is expected to be a communication technology suitable for the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its features, such as low power consumption, low cost, and long-distance transmission. Since LoRa communication has a trade-off between communication range and transmission rate, its communication performance is inherently varied depending on the surrounding environment. Therefore, in the previous study, we proposed a dynamic parameter control method based on beacon reception characteristics to fixed nodes to provide stable and efficient communication and evaluated its effectiveness. However, since the communication environment for mobile nodes is constantly changing, that method is challenging to contribute to performance improvement for mobile nodes. This paper proposes a dynamic transmission parameter control method for mobile terminal with LoRa communication. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated from the real experiments.

DOI： 10.1109/PACRIM61180.2024.10690200

MEC Collaborative Function Retention System using WebAssembly for Floating-CPS Reviewed International journal

Meiya Tanaka, Daiki Nobayashi, Kazuya Tsukamoto, Takeshi Ikenaga, Shu Sekigawa, Myung Lee

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Canada Victoria, BC 2024.08.21 - 2024.08.24

To promote local production and consumption of Spatio-Temporal Data (STD), we have proposed a Floating Cyber-Physical System (F-CPS) that retains STD and functions (applications) to process and use the STD within a specific area. The F-CPS designed the functions to execute common applications on various types of devices, aiming to accelerate the effective use of STDs. Therefore, the function distributed within the area should be small, and an execution platform for the function does not depend on hardware and operating systems. Furthermore, there is a need for a system to recognize available functions to new users entering the area and deliver them appropriately. In this paper, we propose (1) a compact and portable application execution platform using WebAssembly, and (2) a function Retention System based on the MEC collaborative application delivery method. We evaluate the process of the application execution platform and delivery method in our proposed system using actual equipment. The result of the verification revealed that even when multiple devices retrieve an application simultaneously, the execution of the application could be completed within 2 seconds.

DOI： 10.1109/PACRIM61180.2024.10690196

Multipath TCP Video Streaming Hand-Offs on LEO Satellite/5G Cellular Networks Reviewed International journal

Yosuke Komatsu, Dirceu Cavendish, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE Pacific Rim Conference on Communications, Computers and Signal Processing (PACRIM2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Canada Victoria, BC 2024.08.21 - 2024.08.24

Video streaming makes most of Internet traffic nowadays, being transported over Hypertext Transfer Protocol/Transmission Control Protocol (HTTP/TCP). Being the pre-dominant transport protocol, TCP stack performance in transporting video streams has become paramount, specially with regard to MultiPath Transport Control Protocol (MPTCP) innovation and multiple client device interfaces currently available. Recently, Low Orbit Satellite networks have become available as a way to cover remote locations where cellular coverage is spotty at best with Internet access. In this paper, we evaluate video streaming hand-off performance via cellular and LEO links. Such scenario is commonplace in geographical areas where cellular communication is unreliable, such as disaster and conflict torn situations. We provide an extensive analysis of Bottleneck Bandwidth and Round-trip propagation time (BBR) TCP variant, as well as CUBIC when handing off video streams between terrestrial cellular network (5G) and LEO (Starlink) access networks. We use network performance level, as well video quality level metrics to characterize quality of video streaming over TCP variants.

DOI： 10.1109/PACRIM61180.2024.10690202

Tcp Congestion Control Based on Transmission Rate of Wireless Lan Interfaces Reviewed International journal

Akira Okada, Daiki Nobayashi, Takeshi Ikenaga

Proc. of the 2024 IEEE 32nd International Conference on Network Protocols (ICNP2024) ( IEEE ) 2024.10

Language：English Publishing type：Research paper (international conference proceedings)

Belgium Charleroi 2024.10.28 - 2024.10.31

TCP congestion control uses end-to-end delay and packet discard information to control the transmission rate. In the wireless LAN, there is a time lag between TCP congestion control and the transmission rate control of the wireless LAN interfaces, and there is no coordination between the respective controls. Thus, congestion control corresponding to the current state of the wireless network can be achieved by shortening this time lag. Therefore, this paper proposes a method to control the congestion window by detecting changes in the transmission rate of the wireless LAN interfaces. Our proposed method enables to control congestion windows size by using data link layer information, instead of using only transport layer information. This paper verified the effectiveness of the proposed method by network simulator ns-3.40.

DOI： 10.1109/ICNP61940.2024.10858575

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Papers - IKENAGA Takeshi